Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory: A Qualitative Study

Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory: A Qualitative Study From the hour of origination til' the very end, people experience unremitting changes. One would encounter natural, mental and subjective changes as one advances throughout everyday life. It prompts an adjustment in the manner one thinks and carries on. Improvement is the efficient change that happens in a person through the span of life (Shaffer and Kipp 2009: 2). The improvement of a person is affected by components of nature and sustain. In view of these components, different therapists have proposed hypotheses relating to human turn of events. Especially, clinicians have been keen on how one’s character creates; regardless of whether character is natural or whether it is molded by one’s encounters and condition. Among such clinicians was Erik Erikson who proposed the psychosocial hypothesis of improvement. Erikson was a devotee of Freud and acknowledged a large number of the idea’s that Freud presented, anyway Erikson made changes to Freud’s thoughts and presented the hypothesis of psychosocial advancement (Erikson 1963, 1982 refered to in Shaffer and Kipp 2009: 44). Freud accepted that the phases of character improvement was affected by the development of sex intuition, this hypothesis was named psychosexual turn of events (refer to required). Psychosexual hypothesis of advancement centers basically around the oblivious brain. The id, sense of self and superego are the parts of character and these three segments create in understanding to the phases of psychosexual turn of events. There are 5 phases of psychosexual turn of events; the oral, butt-centric, phallic, inertness lastly the genital stage. The degree to which clashes are settled in every one of these stages impact one ’s character sometime down the road. Erikson adjusted this hypothesis by stressing more on social and social impacts on advancement and character, as opposed to the impact of sex impulse and desires. The psychosocial hypothesis of advancement develops a progression of 8 phases of psychosocial struggle that one would experience at different phases of life. Each stage comprises of a significant emergency. The time at which every emergency rises is subject to variables of natural development and social requests that one would experience during different periods of life. The degree to which an individual purposes each contention influences the mental turn of events and character of the individual (reference required). Early beneficial encounters, consequently, are expected to significantly affect the manner by which one would consider the world, the manner in which one would frame social connections and on what one would think about oneself. To decide how Erikson’s psychosocial hypothesis of improvement may contribute in clarifying how relational connections, feeling and character are molded, especially in people of the Sri Lankan setting, an organized meeting was detailed and 2 people were met dependent on how he/she thinks back on his/her life. The meeting gives methods for getting subjective information about the participants’ lives concerning the psychosocial improvement that has and is occurring. The example for the meeting comprised of a multi year old Sri Lankan male who was hitched and a multi year old Sri Lankan female who was separated, single and had 2 youngsters. The control of the member A (the male member) was mechanical designing and member B (the female member) functioned as a private secretary. Before the meeting was led, every member was advised on the motivation behind the meeting and the technique in which the meeting would occur, at that point were inquired as to whether he/she might wa nt to take an interest in the examination. Data in regards to the normal term of the meeting and the idea of the inquiries that would be posed was likewise given to the members preceding the meeting so the member would be completely mindful of what the outcomes of partaking in the examination would be. The meeting was an organized meeting; 38 open finished inquiries were concocted and there was a normal of 4 inquiries identifying with every one of the 8 phases of Erikson’s hypothesis of psychosocial improvement. After the members consented to take an interest in the examination an eye to eye meet was directed at each of the participants’ homes. Before the meeting started the members were informed on classification being kept up, their privileges to not respond to questions that they wished not to reply and they were given the option to pull back at any second they wished. The members at that point marked an assent structure and the meeting continued. Stage 1: Trust versus question The principal phase of psychosocial improvement is accepted to happen during outset (0 †1 year). At this stage the connection between the baby and mother is of significance. So as to develop a sound harmony among trust and doubt the newborn child ought not be overprotected and enjoyed at this point the baby ought to be thought about and not dismissed. In the event that the newborn child is mishandled or ignored at this stage the infant’s essential trust will be pulverized and doubt would be cultivated. At the point when one has doubt one will in general expect that the world would bring all the more awful his/her way than great. One may think that its hard to confide in companions and friends and family, even society. Doubt may even reason a person to be more avoidant of introduction to dangers in light of the fact that the individual feels that the world is hazardous and conflicting. Contrastingly, if the newborn child is overprotected by the mother the baby may build up a misguided feeling of trust. Protection from any type of startling quality may add up to tangible contortion and the individual may get guileless. Such people are commonly hopeful. In the meeting directed, questions were approached to decide how believing the member was of the world. At the point when gotten some information about what the member thinks the future holds, member An expressed that he was hopeful to a limited degree about the future and the reactions that member A gave uncovered that he didn't appear to experience issues in confiding in others. Member An accepted that the world is acceptable yet has its revolting when asked whether the member thinks the world is a terrible spot. Utilizing the psychosocial hypothesis of improvement member A seems to have a solid harmony among trust and doubt. Subsequently it very well may be deduced that as a newborn child the member got adequate fondness and care without being overprotected. Member B, in any case, was skeptical about the future, neglected to perceive any great on the planet and didn't appear to confide in others effortlessly. Doubt appears to have encouraged more in member B and this might be because of disregard during earliest stages. Anyway how much this hypothesis is compelling can be of inquiry. Member B’s question may not be an aftereffect of experience during early stages, rather it might be an encounter from sometime down the road. The individual is separated and the bombed marriage might be a superior clarification for why the individual is critical and thinks that its hard to confide in others. Stage 2: Autonomy versus disgrace and uncertainty Between the age of 1 and 3, applying autonomy turns into a key test for the youngster. The youngster starts to oversee his/her body and can investigate environmental factors. In the event that the kid is derided for his/her endeavors at self-sufficiency the kid may get suspicious and embarrassed about taking care of circumstances and issues on his/her own. Member A’s reactions to the inquiries dependent on independence took no boundaries but instead fell on center ground. The reactions uncovered that the member settled on choices autonomously and didn't depend on others for issues that should have been taken care of himself, anyway would look for help every so often if all else fails. Member B, be that as it may, even now depended on guardians for help when settling on significant choices throughout everyday life and would request help when confronting trouble or if suspicious about what to do. Hence, it tends to be expected that member B is less independent than member A. Any way in the Sri Lankan culture rarely to discover grown-ups as yet looking for his/her folks for guidance. Families in Sri Lankan culture are intently sew. Indeed, even as kids develop into grown-ups, the relationship with guardians stay solid and it is very normal to locate that older guardians keep on living with their grown-up youngsters and grandkids. This closeness and certainty could be the motivation behind why people despite everything approach guardians for exhortation even as a grown-up, not on account of self-governance as a baby. In this sense Erikson’s hypothesis might be ethnocentric and not exactly material in Sri Lankan culture. Stage 3: Initiative versus blame This stage happens between the age of 3 and 6 years. Notwithstanding self-sufficiency, the kid currently learns characteristics of arranging and undertaking errands for being dynamic. Blame is an aftereffect of being denounced for experience and experimentation. At this phase in a child’s life Erikson features the significance of experience and play regardless of how childish it might appear to the parent of administrator. Keeping a person from inception at this stage may affect the individual’s certainty to start in later life and may impart dread that the individual isn't right or would be objected. Anyway the youngster should in any case experience the outcome of mix-ups and learn through experimentation so the kid doesn't end up being unreliable so that the child’s inner voice creates thus that he/she doesn't get bombastic in nature. Stage 4: Industry versus mediocrity From the age of 7 to 12, the child’s psychological capacities increment definitely. The capability of the youngster creates and the kid starts to take part in significant movement. Contribution in extracurricular exercises in school may enable the youngster to get ready to enter life and become innovative as an adu

The Nature of Construction Problems Past and Present Free Essays

Reflection: This paper targets reasoning an extensive anxiety refering to the diverse structure inconveniences that have been looked in the days gone by and are being confronted now in the present other than. It gives a realistic investigation of why the occupations were confronted, the nature of the employments and how they were managed. It has been a long clasp since the primary starting point of building considerations that had crawled into our ancestors’ heads. We will compose a custom article test on The Nature of Construction Problems: Past and Present or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Directly from the Stone Age, grown-up male has truly been into this demonstration of building material for doing his life simple. At the truly event of the Metal Age, he got a farther consolation with the happening to new stuffs and building methods. Besides, came the occasions when engineering was at its extremum. Wherever known to man there was passion to assemble developments that non only made life comfortable for grown-up male, however close to mitigated his eyes. The old style requests of the Greeks stuffed the clout of working as better basic individuals alongside being a visual modest. The Romans had been understandable in building a productive arrangement of H2O gracefully in the signifier of a progression of curves together being called as aquaducts. It despite everything remains as an outline people admire plan urban infinites. Egyptians were no less. They were fastidiously fabricating pyramids and funeral home graves that were way past the human graduated table. They had structured the primary signifiers of transport frameworks in building. So also, India saw the structure of a group of compositional admirations. Directly from the structure of the monstrous stone developments of the Ajanta-Ellora caverns and the sanctuaries of Mahabalipuram to the Islamic developments of Taj Mahal and the Humayun’s grave it had been a fabulous spring in the signifier of engineering progression. At long last came the hours of disputes about engineering when Gustav Eiffel proposed the structure of an all metal development currently called the Eiffel tower. There was a bunch of commotion about the way that how it would in the long run look when it was built in Paris. Numerous individuals said that it may end up being a cicatrix on the substance of the city. However, presently randomly it is known as the primary thing that encourages us place the city of Paris. There have other than been disputes about Zaha Hadid’s plans. She is one of the trend-setter ori ginators each piece far as the use of fluidic signifiers is concerned. Her plans have about ever been in charge of ominous judgment by the senior originators of her occasions. In any case, she has been eloquent in put to deathing her ain structures. Likewise, in the ongoing occasions Frank O’ Gehry had confronted a cluster of difficulties in passing on up his work called Bilbao historical center. He has been reprimanded like snake pit up to the level of being known as the frantic originator. Presently as we come up to the reality of such headway in the field of building, would we be able to deny that there experience been no difficulties in the structure of these well established developments? No will be the answer. As we return to the occasions when the monstrous stone developments of the Kailasa sanctuary was built, we get the chance to cognize that awful designing was accessible at that cut. Notwithstanding, they have figured out how to truly do it conceivable to compose a solid sanctuary out of an individual stone. Envision that how the person who began the structure, actually just utilized an etch and a chicken to build such a gigantic sanctuary. It is said that he began from the top and keep up on cheating till the underside. It is clear that this phenomenal structure must hold taken a long clasp to come up. Be that as it may, it has non been built by an individual sculpturer. Envision the difficulty in go throughing on a similar perception about the development to such a large number of craftsmans over the ages. There may hold been a few adjustments made to this sanctuary development during the structure. This must hold made it significantly progressively hard for the sculpturers. Present ly raises the request of pull offing the waste that was produced in this methodology. How were all the removed rocks utilized? Truly, they were utilized to do streets and for pety structures. Be that as it may, wasn’t it genuinely difficult to pull off these substantial hoards? Indeed, it must hold been exhausting. A comparative development had come up prior. The Konark sanctuary in Bhubaneshwar, Orissa had a tremendous part in raising the design gustatory vibe of the individuals of the state. In this structure, they utilized the technique for building sand slants as it was being built towards the top terminal. This had truly guaranteed that the development didn’t obtain rotted during the structure system. Nonetheless, this development had made use of a massive post at the Center in the signifier of a magnet that gave the solid stone development its entire being. This had been procured by the British during their reign in our state. However, accordingly on what it was utilized for figure knows. Simply imagine how that huge magnet was made to stand only by the utilization of extremely essential devices. This talks about the difficulty in building developments having a place with the typology of rock sanctuaries. Presently, when the significance of Constantinople appeared, there was an unexpected interest for the structure of a few open buildings. At that cut there was a huge downturn in the field of working in Europe. There was a shortage of assets, financess, creators and even workers. This thing offered ascend to another signifier of design. This signifier of engineering came to be known as Polymath Architecture. In this signifier of engineering the bing buildings were utilized to develop a few different structures. The Roman basilicas were utilized to build the Basilican temples that shaped the balance of Christianity. The sections of the sentenced buildings were truly shortened to secure an unvarying size. As an outcome, the structures were holding a size truly close to the human graduated table. Unequivocally or purposefully, this signifier of engineering happened to be all the more near individuals. Indeed, even the establishments of a few structures were utilized to run into the reque sts of the occasions. The rotunda buildings were utilized to used to develop baptismal textual styles when the request of child sanctification appeared. These infinites required a kind of emanating building program so as to suit the required movement. In this way, the detachment of assets at that clasp was tended to in such a way. Presently, when we come to working of buildings that are worked with the on open cash, the request of insignificant craftsmanship appears. The utilization of negligible entirety of asset and financess appears. Taking the outline of a case, when a planner is given endeavor of planing an open building, he needs to do sure that he does non raise the expense of the structure to the height of doing it impracticable. Presents, in occurrence of working of open structures, the factor of stamp fathers up. The individual concocting the most arranged plan inside the least of cost outline regularly gets the endeavor. Such an occurrence can be taken up with regards to the Bilbao historical center. It was structured by Frank O’ Gehry. He had experienced the negative judgment of the full universe in light of his structure. His plan was intricate to such an extent that it made utilization of airplane configuration bundle. He had truly gone to the point of overdriving assets. The casings of th e structure were made using thick steel developments. A major bed of fabric was utilized to cover the building. Over this a bed of Ti sheets were utilized. Around twenty four 1000 square meters of such were utilized. As an outcome of this, he was reprimanded over the way that a comparative usefulness and feel was accomplishable with lesser use of assets. Be that as it may, he had paid no mindfulness to what the individuals said. He has a build of a fish simply in light of the fact that he had recollections of making a trip to a fish advertise with his grandma. This dark avocation realized a cluster of arrangements all through the universe. Luckily, the Ti fiscal qualities had gone down by then of clasp. In this way, he had the benefit of non procuring the endeavor dropped. At the point when private endeavors are mulled over, there are a few pety issues that surface. Fundss stay restricted in many cases. There have been examples when working of an individual house has experienced a ceasework time of in excess of a twelvemonth only because of the lack of financess. Other profound issues play a basic capacity in our state with regards to working of homesteads uncommonly. A few people truly retreat when the originator is unwilling to tune in to his particulars about how the building ought to be. Modern structures have difficulties that are entirely unique when contrasted with different buildings. They should hold the capacity to truly warrant all the specialists standards sing the moment focuses like waste coevals and peril security factors. They should hold specific anthropometric determinations however they ought to non use exorbitantly a lot of vast. Along these lines, as we come to reason this, we can truly observe that few issues are procuring settled in this unique circumstance. A few originators are thinking of cutting edge musings to truly give to the considerations of the specialists and the natural effect evaluation natural structures to do an announcement sing this undertaking. So permit us trust for an issue free and green from this point forward in front! ! ! Notices: History Of Architecture by Sir Banister Fletcher Development Delaies: Extension Of clasp and protraction asserts by Roger Gibson Step by step instructions to refer to The Nature of Construction Problems: Past and Present, Essay models

Black Panther and Ku Klux Klan Essay Example for Free

Dark Panther and Ku Klux Klan Essay In the wake of doing examination to analyze/differentiate the two gatherings, the Black Panthers and the Ku Klux Klan, it opened my eyes. I understood that the new age is careless in regards to the presence of the two gatherings and the likenesses and contrasts in them. I investigated the two unique gatherings to see when the gatherings appeared who were the individuals, why they battled for rights they thought they merited and the gatherings contribution in vicious acts and their leftovers today. In World War II, blacks battled for the American dream energetically, however independently from the white warriors. At the point when the war was finished, human rights activists everything being equal and taught blacks thought the troopers and blacks merited the privilege of correspondence. Malcolm X was one of the numerous human rights activists. He was an African-American Muslim priest he thought following quite a while of peacefulness, marking petitions, walking, imploring and crying and blacks doing the difficult to be perceived as people, it was the ideal opportunity for them to assume control over it. Malcolm X was then killed February 21, 1965. Today a large number of his statements like this one are celebrated. What's more, when I speak, I dont talk as a Democrat. Or on the other hand a Republican. Nor an American. I talk as a survivor of Americas purported majority rules system. You and I have never observed popular government all weve seen is deception. At the point when we open our eyes today and check out America, we see America not through the eyes of somebody who has delighted in the products of Americanism. We see America through the eyes of somebody who has been the casualty of Americanism. We dont see any American dream. Weve experienced just the American bad dream. The Black Panther Party was then established by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale,â in 1966, it depended on thoughts which were emphatically connected with Malcolm Xs life works it was comprised of dynamic aggressor political association. They upheld Black Nationalism and had solid has faith in the need of brutality and outfitted self-preservation. They watch African American neighborhoods to shield occupants from demonstrations of police mercilessness and to acquire opportunity from white abuse. Battled for the privileges of American blacks in the US, they called themselves Revolutionaries. Ku Klux Klan then again was established in 1866 in Pulaski, Tennessee. The Klan individuals were numerous previous Confederate veterans resolved to battle for the option to reestablish racial oppression they called themselves The Invisible Empire of the South. Ku Klux Klan accepted that dark werent battling for right yet for exceptional right and that Negros were more joyful when they don't had anything not in any case their own name. They additionally demonstrated protection from strategies that gave the privilege to financial uniformity for blacks and different minorities. The Black Panthers were peaceful they appealed to for the appropriate for Black Americans to remain battle ready. Reason being the police werent there for their wellbeing or to advance their government assistance they were there to contain, brutalize and murder them. With the blacks beginning to convey firearms came savagery. There were shootouts with police which slaughtered numerous guiltless individuals, revolts that devastated towns, blacks had intends to protect themselves however then wrongdoing soar. The Black Panther werent sorted out as some idea and werent prepared to battle an upheaval they simply needed to be dealt with like an equivalent and were prepared for whatever crossed there way. Ku Klux Klan had and still have an exceptionally rough demeanor, they could threatened the dark and whatever other minorities that they thought compromised their white immaculateness as they alluded. Being that the sheriff maintained the privileges of the Klan and courts maintained the privileges of the sheriff. The Klan slaughtered common right partners blacks and whites. Social equality assistants helped blacks figure out how to peruse with the goal that they could cast a ballot just as getting them to the shafts to cast a ballot. KKK consumed numerous houses of worship, schools and were engaged with lynching of hundreds. Presently following two many years of disappointment 1982 was the official finish of the Black Panther Party they accomplished one thing a significant change in police severity in Oakland went path down. Dark Panther likewise returned to the starting point the peacefulness approach, by setting up association to help destitute family, for example, free center and free supper programs. Instructed blacks and dissident in this age are extremely frustrated in blacks not getting included and how they acknowledge the base for themselves. KKK then again are still exceptionally conspicuous and multiplied in size. They even still right up 'til the present time attempt to enlist new individuals by placing flyers with candy on entryways in local locations, doing case cast, and even do meetings to attempt to persuade the open what they are doing is correct and isnt supremacist as all. They are in any event, attempting to receive roadways in certain states which judges arent permitting, much after they attempt to persuade them all its temperament clean.

Consumerism Essay - 1650 Words

Consumerism (Essay Sample) Content: Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameInstitutionInstructorCourseDatePsychological Effects of OwnershipCan money and property ownership buy happiness? Ownership has its own magical way of creating happiness through its various properties. Happiness on the other hand is known to create resilience, long life and good performance in various activities. Happy people are therefore believed to live longer in comparison to depressed individuals. Diener puts emphasis in his book, Happiness: Unlocking the Mysteries of Psychological wealth, that happiness is comprised of four important ingredients.Thinking right is the first aspect with the second one being the setting of realistic expectations. The third aspect according to Diener is work and health. The fourth aspect is of interest in this paper regarding the making of psychological wealth. Psychological wealth is not dictated by money or the amount of wealth an individual possesses. Wealth is therefore not a determinant of happiness based on wealth people not believed to be happier than poor people are. This paper therefore seeks to examine the psychological effects of ownership, and evaluating the effect of money on an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s happiness.Despite the ongoing wealth acquisitions and wage increases of citizens in the United States, its citizens are not any happier with research revealing that only 1 percent of the United States citizens claim to be happy. In 2010, the proportion of joyful and thriving people hit a new low in over forty years. The wealthy difference between countries with thriving economies such as the United States and the third world countries like those from the Middle East and Africa have created a race based on the difference in wealth of the individuals. The situation is however not reflected in the psychological wealth with the gap disappearing with each passing day. Historically, men have been known to be less happy than their female counterparts despite the fact are that men are known to be wealthier than women are. The whites on the other hand have historically been known to be wealthier and happy than the non-whites. The wealthy gap has been on the rise but the happiness gap is narrowing provided the basic needs are met.Consumerism does not mean that extra wealth will lead to happiness. The culture of consumerism is so popular in the United States that it has reached a critical level where individuals are extravagant and consistently and continuously spend. It has been revealed that an average American woman purchases 52 new clothes in a year, which translates to a new cloth each week. All these clothes do contribute nor add any value in the lives psychologically. The tendency to purchase expensive commodities in place of cheap commodities of similar quality and satisfaction means that the happiness gap is disappearing.A less wealthy individual who purchases a $5 mat will receive the same level of satisfaction to an American woman who purchases a hand-wov en $95 mat. What is commonly referred to hyper-consumption has been at the center of the brainwashing with attitudes, values practices and habits reflecting the wealthy peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s culture of addiction. Consumerism has ensured that people are unable to lessen their exposure to the market materialism lure. Research studies have revealed that the more people watch television commercials, the more they are likely to spend. These television commercials are mainly aimed at the wealthy people meaning that their hyper-consumption behavior continues to be rooted with no increase in psychological wealthIt well known that wealth brings a sense of pride to an individual but there clichÃÆ' that money does not buy happiness is highly documented. It is important to note that equality among the people cannot be established when there is a measure of wealth involved. The idea that consumerism has infested the world today has divided opinions among experts everywhere in the world today. Rese arch studies have revealed the occupation of people with visual documentations like advertisement means they will finally end up spending much more than they anticipated. The gratifying commercials and advertisements affect both the poor and the wealthy more people watch television commercials, the more they are likely to spend. However, as explained earlier these television commercials are mainly aimed at the wealthy people this means that their hyper-consumption behavior continues to be rooted with no increase in psychological wealth. The complications involved in the effort to understand the relations between wealth or richness and power and happiness is difficult to understand since there exists a fine line separating the two variables or the two notions. The fine line dividing consumerism and the need for wealth is easily identifiable. In an article written by Jocelyn K. Glei, she believes that consumerism is killing the creativity of individuals. In the article, the author quotes a book "The story of the stuff" Annie Leonard is of the opinion that people have globally decide to abandon their natural duties as mothers, daughters, teachers, farmers and any other natural duty have been brain-washed by the habitual behavior of shopping without any action of trying to manifest control. The behavior of Consumerism is a factor that means that extra wealth does not always lead to happiness. Consumerism according to Jocelynà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s article is extremely addictive just like any other impulse activity. The author outlines the reason for this addictiveness is that consumerism stimulates the same part of the brain that is associated with the generation of great ideas by great people. This is greatly stimulated by the idea of trial and error method, example when an individual is shopping for clothes they will constantly change the clothes in an effort to find the best fit. A neuroscientist Jaak Panksepp attempts to explain this addiction by referring to the addi ction as "seekingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , the act of trying to satisfy the seeking urge. The neuroscientist emphasizes that physical needs are not the only things that can lead to addiction by also the desire for humans to get abstract rewards. The scientist emphasizes that the action of getting thrilled by the world of ideas coupled with the idea of making intellectual connections breeds the need to establish and satisfy the needs. Just as other drugs cause addiction, consumerism also does that. The seeking system is fueled by the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is the same neurotransmitter that causes the good feeling derived from the intake of drugs. Dopamine is essential in promoting a state of directed purpose and eagerness that many humans prefer to be in and strive to experience. It is evident that in the practice of consumerism individuals are seeking to maintain the creative rush that accompanies the seeking. The problem with consumerism is that it might provide satisfaction in th e short term but have devastating effect in the long term. The stimulation offered by "seeking" is not effective in the long term and can have extremely negative effects.Consumerism is dangerous trend that can lead to the collapse of vital parts of an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s life. Seeking to buy and buy ends up with serious implications on the financial capacities of the different individuals indulging in the consumerism. The ideology that encourages the constant acquisition of goods and services means that the society is preoccupied with constant consumption by individuals.In an effort to understand the notion of consumerism as explained by the neuroscientist above takes some studies and explaining. Money or wealth is a mitigating factor in our life today. The capacity to control our ever-growing greed for wealth and money is becoming increasingly impossible and increasingly relentless. Consumerism incorporates the power of getting the best value for the products. According to the a rticle written on the New York Times, "Sorry Etsy. That handmade scarf wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t Save the world" by Monica Ramos CITATION Mon15 \p 1-2 \l 1033 (Ramos 1-2). This article explains how the world has changed from individuals entirely self-sufficient to people dependent on their purchasing ability.It is a case of people who highly appreciate the concept of hand making items, which was highly despised in the former years. In the pursuit of the understanding, the concept of Consumerism we can use this article to understand the luxury of buying hand made items contrary to the purchase of factory-manufactured items. It is understood that many individuals in the world consider the purchase of handmade items a luxury rather t...

`` From All The Dangers We Face Today `` By Steven Pinker

According to Steven Pinker, â€Å"from all the dangers we face today, the dangers of yesterday were even worse† (Pinker 30). Pinker focuses on the violence in human prehistory, Homeric Greece, and The Hebrew Bible. He also further discusses how the world has changed and has become less violent. Pinker says â€Å"many readers will be surprised to know that of the twenty-one worst things that people have ever done to each other, fourteen were in centuries before the 20th† (Pinker 194). Pinker backs up his information by using charts, in his charts, only one of the world wars is ranked at the top ten with 55,000,000 deaths. Nonetheless, his charts only prove that violence has declined because the number of deaths has lowered. However, I disagree Pinker totally ignores new evidence found on World War II, Rwandan Genocide, Syrian Conflict, and the acts of terrorism from 2001 to the present. Although Pinker discusses the succession of WWII, he ranks it number 9 as the deadliest. He clearly attempts to prove his argument â€Å"that the world is less violent† by lessening the view that WWII was the deadliest acts of violence in all of history. By emphasizing the numbers of casualties he undermines the great impact WWII had on the world and its victims. I disagree with Pinker’s chart for three reasons; Firstly, the name of the chart â€Å"(Possibly) The Twenty (or so) worst things People Have Done to Each Other†, clearly by the title alone one can argue that the evidence used to form this chartShow MoreRelatedEssay on Women on the Bottom and Men on Top967 Words   |  4 Pagesnot have a penis should not keep us from enjoying our differences. The mix-up in our thinking is that men and women are innately different yet we want them to be equal, which requires recognizing these differences then ignoring them, and puts reality on a collision course wit h the politically correct cause of equality. It seems that the difference between men and women has come down to science, and we need that to tell us what those distinctions are. Steven Pinker uses career choices to illustrateRead MoreThe Better Angels Of Our Nature2252 Words   |  10 Pagesmeant. Pinker describes narratives of violent acts from the past, that today are foreign to us. He gives us a tour of the historical human violence and how the violence in human nature has changed throughout time. The main idea from Pinker’s book,â€Å"The Better Angels of Our Nature , is â€Å"for all the dangers we face today, the dangers of yesterday were even worse.† He provides its readers with explicit violent stories beginning from 8000 BCE to now, and describes how violence has evolved from a bloodRead MoreShould We Stop Using Mobile Devices?1994 Words   |  8 Pagesand other technologies is lower human intelligence (Pinker, 293). In the essay â€Å"Mind Over Mass Media,† by Steven Pinker, he addresses thes e concerns and believes that there is no need for panic. Should we be worried? Should we stop using the internet? Should we stop using mobile devices? In my opinion, of course not. While technology is something we certainly all have come to rely and depend on, it does more good than harm. According to Pinker, â€Å"If electronic media were hazardous to intelligenceRead MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 Pages6 2.2.1. The Principles of Confucianism†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 2.2.2. The Confucian Revival†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 2.3. Human Behavior: Nurture versus Nature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 3. Background Information†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 3.1. China’s Media Reform†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 3.1.1. From Class Struggle to Cultural Education: Changes in the Media Landscape†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 3.1.2. The Effectiveness of the Media Reform: An Ideological Chokehold†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 3.2. Confucianism in journey to the West†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 4. Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

The Power and Paradox of Literacy - 1810 Words

A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass The Power and Paradox of Literacy The â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass† has been regarded by many as one of the most influential slave narratives in American history. This colorful autobiography has and will forever situate Douglass at the forefront of the American abolitionist movement. Many scholars involved in the study of African American history, including James Matlack, a writer for the Atlanta Review of Race and Culture assert that the effectiveness of Douglass’s narrative rests upon his superior technique in sharing his experience and elating them to the general American population (Matlack 15). In this short narrative Douglass wonderfully exploits several themes that soon†¦show more content†¦Baker also points out that Douglass is attracted to only an abstract ideal of literacy before he has any familiarity with its actual practice (qtd in Sundquist). Only until Douglass has acquired the skills and begins reading, his attitude is pulle d by contradictory impulses. He is no longer sure literacy leads to freedom but instead feels that his ability to read is a curse as well as a blessing. For example, when Douglass attempts to use his literacy to escape, by writing passes for himself and his friends, he is literally jailed, even further imprisoned by his belief that literacy alone can provide a pathway to freedom. Yet while Baker argues that the pre-literate Douglass’ understanding of the power of literacy was primitive and its potentially devastating effects remained unexamined until after his acquisition of literacy; Martha Cutter, professor of ethnic literature at Kent University argues that Douglass was in fact aware of the effects that were created by education and literacy before he became literate. Her argument supporting the thesis of this essay stem from the fact that Douglass, even as a slave was able to relate and become accustomed to the white, Christian ideology. SheShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibli ography of Articles Related to Media Literacy902 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Boske, C., and McCormack, S. (2011). Building an understanding of the role of media literacy for Latino/a high school students. High School Journal 94(4), pp. 167-186. In a qualitative study of a small group of Latino/a high school students, the researchers found that students perceived negative cultural messages in media they were asked to watch. The messages were not obvious to the teachers who selected the media and who were not part of this ethnic group. The study serves as a cautionaryRead MoreFrederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis885 Words   |  4 Pageslearning or religion, he made conform to his disposition to deceive†. This linked the readers by portraying an extremely clear sample of the ethical paradox of being a Christian and a slave owner. In the Narrative, Douglass shows slaveholding to be damaging not only to the slaves themselves, but to slave owners as well. The corrupt and irresponsible power that slave owners enjoy over their slaves has a detrimental effect on the slave owners’ own moral health. With this theme, Douglass completesRead MorePower Of Knowledge By Frederick Douglass856 Words   |  4 Pageseducation propagate a lifelong passion for answers. Learning to Read and Write is a testament of the power of knowledge. Frederick Douglass recounts how he learned to read and write in a time when it was a federal offense to teach a slave to read or write. He recounts with ardent imagery the clever ways in which he manipulated the white men and children around him to contribute to his literacy. His style is emotionally charged, like a blind man being given sight, with brilliant observations andRead MoreEssay on Iranian Education4813 Words   |  20 Pagesone that is filled with problems. In 1907, Iran established a Ministry of Science and Art to control all areas of education, even religious education. In 1910, this ministry was reorganized and renamed the Ministry of Education, and given more power to set laws and guidelines for education, religious and secular. This body was not necessarily effective in setting new guidelines for Iranian schools. The main problem was overcoming was the lack of qualified, quality teachers (Szyliowicz 176- Read MoreOur Dependence On The Electronic Tools1571 Words   |  7 Pagessystem of organizing and presenting information that is nonsequential and open-ended† (Rusciano Xia, 2013). While the Internet is still a fairly new invention, it is not an entirely new concept. Vannevar Bush had a big vision in 1945 of what the power of machines could do for organizing and retrieving information. He dreamt up a device, which he called the memex machine. â€Å"Bush’s imaginative machine allows for the entire body of human knowledge to be stored, organized, accessed, and searched in anRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Choices By Nikki Giovanna1480 Words   |  6 Pagesthe dilemma of the African American race. The theme is based on the African American peoples’ experiences of limitation due to the pigment of their skin. Giovanna uses literary devices such as repetition, allusion, analogy, imagery, symbolism, and paradox. Giovanna informs readers that African American individuals are forced to accept and excel with the minimum resources they have. Also, due to this limitation the African American community have emotionally turned against the rest of society. FurthermoreRead MoreEssay on Rousseaus Critique on Natural Man vs. Modern Man899 Words   |  4 Pagesforgets the essence of who he really is. Since men enjoyed very great leisure [with the introduction of literacy and modern technology], they used it to procure many kinds of commodities unknown to their fathers (147). Mordern mans quest for material power, or virtue, creates inequality among themselves by making some individuals subservient to others in order to fulfill their desire for power and luxury. Modern man tries to use reason in order to gain virtue, but instead, reason has resulted inRead MoreEssay on Kingdom and Culture1708 Words   |  7 Pagesaccomplishments of culture. Assurance to Christ requires a decision (Yoder, 1996). Christ against culture known as the â€Å"New law† on this interpretation the Lordship of Christ does not define that untruth is the uppermost of abundant powers, on the other hand, that He is the solitary power surrounding the Christians (GCU, lecture). It therefore, awards Christ and culture as a major one or both superior; if we take up our cross and follow Christ, we need to discard any faithfulness to culture. For example, theRead MoreSocio – Political Situation of India1801 Words   |  8 Pages POPULATION 2nd most populated country in the world with urban population of 28%. It is the world’s youngest nation with 54% of its population below 25 years. Those in 13 – 35 years amount to 48%. In 2015 it is expected to grow to be 68%. What a power to reckon with. ECONOMY A growing perception in the world around is that China and India are becoming two major economic superpowers in the world. It is an accomplishment for some and an accosting danger for others. India in particular plays a vitalRead MoreThe Role Of Metropolitan Filaret s Divine Context And Ambiguity1415 Words   |  6 Pagesemancipation came the other great reforms, which radically changed peasant culture life. The most significant change â€Å"was the spread of literacy and its reinforcement of a religion-based identity through an imagined community of believer-readers.† An illiterate peasantry was completely dependent upon its parish priest to inform them of God’s teachings and commands, with literacy that changed. Peasants could now read the Bible for themselves, which made the priests less important. In addition to being able

Henry Iv, Part I Essay Research Paper Example For Students

Henry Iv, Part I Essay Research Paper A monologue from the play by William ShakespeareKING: God pardon thee! Yet let me wonder, Harry,At thy affections, which do hold a wingQuite from the flight of all thy ancestors. Thy place in council thou hast rudely lost,Which by thy younger brother is supplied,And art almost an alien to the heartsOf all the court and princes of my blood.The hope and expectation of thy timeIs ruined, and the soul of every manProphetically do forethink thy fall.Had I so lavish of my presence been,So common-hackneyed in the eyes of men,So stale and cheap to vulgar company,Opinion, that did help me to the crown,Had still kept loyal to possessionAnd left me in reputeless banishment,A fellow of no mark nor likelihood.By being seldom seen, I could not stirBut, like a comet, I was wondred at;That men would tell their children, This is he!Others would say, Where? Which is Bolingbrook?And then I stole all courtesy from heaven,And dressed myself in such humilityThat I did pluck allegiance from mens hearts,Loud shouts and salutations from their mouthsEven in the presence of the crowned king. Thus did I keep my person fresh and new,My presence, like a robe pontifical,Neer seen but wondred at; and so my state,Seldom but sumptuous, showed like a feastAnd wan by rareness such solemnity.The skipping king, he ambled up and downWith shallow jesters and rash bavin wits,Soon kindled and soon burnt; carded his state;Mingled his royalty with capring fools;Had his great name profaned with their scornsAnd gave his countenance, against his name,To laugh at gibing boys and stand the pushOf every beardless vain comparative;Grew a companion to the common streets,Enfeoffed himself to popularity;That, being daily swallowed by mens eyes,They surfeited with honey and beganTo loathe the taste of sweetness, whereof a littleMore than a little is by much too much.So, when he had occasion to be seen,He was but as the cuckoo is in June,Heard, not regarded seen, but with such eyesAs, sick and blunted with community,Afford no extraordinary gaze,Such as is bent on sunlike majestyWhen it shines seldo m in admiring eyes;But rather drowsed and hung their eyelids down,Slept in his face, and rendred such aspectAs cloudy men use to their adversaries,Being with his presence glutted, gorged, and full.And in that very line, Harry, standest thou;For thou hast lost thy princely privilegeWith vile participation. Not an eyeBut is aweary of thy common sight,Save mine, which hath desired to see thee more;Which now doth that I would not have it doMake blind itself with foolish tenderness.

Theft of Information and Unauthorized Computer Access

Table of Contents Introduction Discontented Employees Hackers Journalists and Political Activists Information Agents Conclusion Reference List Introduction Information plays a vital role in successful organizational management. Information management using modern information technology enhances organizational survival and decision-making.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Theft of Information and Unauthorized Computer Access specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Individuals with ill intentions can utilize any security flaw existing in the organization’s information systems to pursue their selfish interests; this, in other words, can render an organization susceptible to risks, which are costly or lower the integrity of the organization. Unauthorized computer access is only possible when an organization information security strategies are weak thus leaving an organization’s information resources vulne rable or accessible. When there are loopholes in the information security management system, malicious individuals take advantage of these ostensible flaws to achieve their ill intentions of either stealing or corrupting an organization’s databases. This paper discusses some of the key threats to an organization’s information security system or the persons that compromise an organizations computer system through unauthorized entry. Some of the highlighted threats are discontented employees, journalists, and political activists, hackers and information agents. Discontented Employees An organization’s information systems can be compromised in a variety of ways. The most notable being actions by discontented employees. Employees become a threat when they have been laid off or when they have left their jobs voluntarily in search of greener pastures. Such people might attempt to steal information with a motive of using it to exploit the company by selling confidentia l information to the competitors or to leverage on the same to get a new job. Owing to their familiarity with the computer system employed, such unscrupulous staff stands a better chance of successfully sabotaging, hacking or distorting information (Salehnia, 2002). Ideally, every organization should have an information security policy. Unfortunately, most companies lack proper policies to govern storage or management of sensitive and confidential information against theft and fraud. One of the most basic and yet reliable measure towards curbing employee related risks is doing an employee audit.Advertising Looking for article on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An employee audit can be done electronically or manually to ascertain that no employee is not in custody of vital company information as they leave the company premises. In addition, magnetic chips should be fixed on crucial organization documents such as reports and files to control information movements. Hackers A hacker is an individual who is well equipped with programming skills and uses these technical skills to gain unauthorized access to an organization’s information systems. Hackers do this for personal gigs or monetary gain. Hacking is a serious threat to many organizations’ computer systems. Hackers break into computer systems by compromising the integrity and privacy of data (Cross Shinder, 2008). By obtaining this information, they easily use it to trade with interested parties pretending to be the genuine users. Unlike, other security risks, hackers, pose the greatest risk and can completely jeopardize the operations of the firm. However, several measures such as regular change in passwords and encryption of passwords and user names are important in containing the risk. Journalists and Political Activists Journalists or political activists might be interested in the operations of an organization with i ntentions of discrediting or damaging the organization’s reputation. While there are codes of ethics that govern journalism, practical codes vary giving room to substantial overlap in information dissemination. Thus, some journalist and political activist take advantage of this mostly through bias reporting of facts, misrepresentation of figures and blatant deception to the public. Sometimes they will suppress the information even disregarding facts through mischief. Overly, they attempt to shape and influence the opinion of the public (Bosworth Kabay, 2002). Information Agents These people use subversive tactics to gather proprietary information. This information could be anything from new product ideas, bid information, proposals, marketing strategies or research and any other corporate data. They penetrate the information system of a given organization with the intention to find information that they can trade. They sell this information to the highest bidder especially i n financial or consultancy or brokerage industry. It is, therefore, important for all organizations to exercise vigilance and secure their systems to any such security threats.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Theft of Information and Unauthorized Computer Access specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion It is critical for all organizations to embrace various security strategies to guarantee the safety of vital information and resources in the organization. This can be done by having back up files, changing passwords regularly, use of encryptions, installing antivirus scanners to prevent any unauthorized access to information against persons or foreign software programs. Physical security such as employing guards, using biometrics doors, and controlling unauthorized access can also be deployed. Finally, each organization requires a meticulously formulate information security policy. Failure to institute measu res against information security threats, opens up an organization to much information security threats, which can easily compromise an organization’ information systems. Reference List Bosworth, S Kabay, M. (2002). Computer Security Handbook. New Jersey, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Cross, S. Shinder, D.L. (2008). Scene of Cybercrime. Burlington, MA: Syngress Press. Salehnia, A. (2002). Ethical Issues of Information Systems. Hershey, PA: IRM Press. This article on Theft of Information and Unauthorized Computer Access was written and submitted by user Doctor Spectrum to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

National minimum wage which covers the whole of south korea Essays

National minimum wage which covers the whole of south korea Essays National minimum wage which covers the whole of south korea Essay National minimum wage which covers the whole of south korea Essay Introduction The 3rd edition of Collins dictionary defines that the minimal pay is the lowest pay that an employer is allowed to pay an employee harmonizing to a jurisprudence or understanding. South Korea introduced the minimal pay in 1988 with the intent of stabilising low-paid workers life and bettering the quality of the labour force, thereby lending to the stable development of the national economic system. ( Minimum Wage Act, Article 1, 1986 ) Since so, South Korea has have one national lower limit pay which covers the whole of South Korea, even though there are assorted exclusions which are non applied, such as any concerns using merely households or relations who are populating together, those who are hired for family plants, mariners who are capable to the Seamen Act, trainees who are making on-the-job preparation during the first 3 months and workers with disablements who can be paid sub-minimum rewards pursuant to a certification issued by the Ministry of Labour. The minimal pay in South Korea in 1988 was 462 won ( KRW, a proxy 0.37 dollar at the current exchange rate: 1 $ =1,240 KRW ) , the minimal pay in 2009 is 4,000 won ( a placeholder 3.23 dollars at the current exchange rate ) . In instance of the US, the US federal lower limit pay in 2009 is 7.25 dollars and that of 1988 was 3.35 dollars. ( U.S Department of Labor, 2009 ) If we compare two states with 2008 lower limit pay which South Korea s lower limit pay was 3,770 KRW ( 3.41 dollars, at the 2008 mean exchange rate: 1 $ =1,105 KWR ) and the US federal lower limit pay is 5.85 dollars. Considered the gross national income per capita in 2008 which of South Korea is 21,530 USD and that of the US is 47,580 USD The World Bank, 2009 ) , the degree of the minimal pay in South Korea is non low, and moreover the mean increasing rate during the past 10 old ages in South Korea, which is over 10 % , is much higher than that of the US. But because of the recent economic depression, while the Minimum Wage Council ( MWC ) which is established in the Ministry of Labor to consider the lower limit pay and other related affairs, which is composed of three portion representatives workers representatives, employers representatives and the public representatives, deliberated the minimal pay in 2010, there was a large spread between workers representatives and employers representatives, even employers representatives who have offered a little addition during the last two decennaries made a suggestion that the minimal pay should be frozen or should be dropped. After the long deliberation, the minimal pay of the following twelvemonth fixed at 4,110 KRW which is the lowest addition degree during the past 10 old ages. Furthermore on 18th Nov. 2008, 31 members of the National Assembly from the governing party ( Hannara-party ) submitted the revised lower limit pay measure, in which included the debut of a regional lower limit pay and exclusion to the over 60 old ages old people. They claimed that the present minimal pay degree is rather high, becomes a load to little concerns, and finally causes the low-skilled workers unemployment. ( The National Assembly, 2008 ) The proposal of amending the lower limit pay act provoked the unfavorable judgment from the Labour Unions and some societal organisations. In this research, I will reexamine one facet of the revised measure, the regional lower limit pay debut into South Korea. The economic experts positions of the lower limit pay Harmonizing to conventional supply and demand curves, the monetary value of the merchandise is fixed at the equilibrium point, theoretically the labor market is the same. The monetary value of the labour market i.e. the pay settles at the equilibrium point ( Figure 1, at We ) where supply and demand meet together, hence there is no unemployment. But the minimal pay is settled at the certain degree which is largely higher than the equilibrium ( figure 1, at Wm ) with the certain societal and political intent, for illustration, the stabilisation of vulnerable workers supports and income redistribution. Economists say that the lower limit pay reduces employment in the sectors which it targets to cover and the lessening of employment outweighs the pay addition taking to lose low-skilled workers occupations. In figure 1, if the lower limit pay settees at Wm, so it causes the unemployment ( G-D ) and the sum of employed workers reduces from F which is the sum of the employed when the authorities does non step in in the labor market to D. This is the basic theory that most economic experts use when they mention the negative effects of lower limit pay George Stigler ( 1946, p358 ) points out in his article that the popular aim of minimal pay legislation-the riddance of poverty-was non problematic and a minimal pay could non vouch the low-wage members of wealthier families. He claims that the plan of increasing income must be supplemented by a plan of education-in diet, in lodging, in instruction. ( Stigler, 1946, p365 ) It is normally agreed in the field of economic sciences that the minimal pay is non an effectual device for extinguishing poorness. The brief history of the Minimum Wage The minimal pay was foremost introduced in New Zealand in 1894 in response to alleged perspiration shops workers work stoppages. ( Starr, 1981 ) Now most states in the universes including the US, France, Canada, Japan, China and the UK have the lower limit pay ordinance. Still there are a few states which do non hold the minimal pay ordinance such as Germany, Italy, Swiss, Sweden and Denmark. In instance of South Korea, the minimal pay act enacted in 1986 on the evidences of the Constitution. Since the enforcement in 1988, reflecting the economic and societal alteration, amendment has been made. But the appraisal about the minimal pay is different among people. Employers complain that the present minimal pay policy does non reflect the current concerns state of affairs and the alteration of the labor market ( MWC, 2008 ) . In contrast, labour brotherhoods argue that the current minimal pay is a really low degree and does non transport out the aim of minimal pay efficaciously. The arguments about its effects are still traveling on. Standards for puting minimal rewards Each state has its ain organisations and minimal pay make up ones minding process. Factors which affect the lower limit pay vary from states, in malice of the assortments ; we can by and large sort them into three chief factors, which are the demands of workers, ability to pay and the demands of development. ( Starr, 1981 ) Gerald Starr references that specifying meaningful standards is the chief key to guarantee the aims of minimal pay. ( Star, 1981 ) In South Korea, the minimal pay act article 4 provinces that a minimal pay shall be set after sing the workers life cost, labour productiveness and the ratio of income distribution and it can be set otherwise by the industry. There is a contention whether standards are meaningful or non, and how each standard can be measured exactly is besides a concern. Despite of the other statements about the minimal pay policies, I will non speak about them here. The debut of a regional lower limit pay into South Korea As I mentioned in the debut, the revised measure by Hannara-party is pending at National Assembly. This revised measure includes several problematic issues. The regional lower limit pay debut is one of them. Hannara-party claims that the lower limit pay has contributed to the low-paid workers supports ; meanwhile the recent fiscal crisis causes fiscal force per unit area to little companies, makes them go against the jurisprudence and accordingly is taking the occupation chance from the vulnerable on the job category. They say that there exists a spread to the life cost and between states. That is the chief ground to propose the alteration. ( NA, 2008 ) Under the present playing jurisprudence, there is no land that Ministry of Labour can put a different lower limit pay harmonizing to geographical countries. On the minimal pay act article 4, Ministry of Labour can put a minimal pay otherwise harmonizing to industries. But until now, Ministry of Labour has neer set the minimal pay otherwise by industries. Equally shortly as Hannara-party turned the measure in, Korean Confederation of Trade Unions ( KCTU ) made an proclamation that Hannara-party s suggestion is a menace to the basic function of minimal pay. The regional lower limit pay debut will do the society to widen the societal and economic spreads between the states and to intensify the emotional recreation. KCTU argues that the revised measure will do workers who work at the little companies where the lower limit pay is relatively low move to the higher countries i.e. Seoul or the other large metropoliss. In the long tally, the regional lower limit pay will non assist little companies in the local and rural countries but will destruct little companies. Furthermore, it will lay waste to the national economic system. Federation of Korean Trade Unions ( FKTU ) which is the other major associated brotherhood organisations besides expressed the same place about the revised measure with the KCTU. In contrast to KCTU s statements, the Korea Employers Federation expresses an understanding about a regional lower limit pay debut. KEF says the cost of life and the mean pay in each metropolis and each state is different. The monetary value in local states or rural countries is comparatively low, compared to Seoul and Kyeonggi province-so-called metropolitan metropoliss. But the present system-one national minimal wage- does non reflect this cost life difference, the pay spread and the structural difference in the labor market. Considered the intent of lower limit pay which is to protect the low-paid workers, puting a regional lower limit pay which workers can populate with instead than set uping one national lower limit pay is effectual to the national economic system. They claim that the jurisprudence should be revised and minimal pay can be set otherwise harmonizing to geographical countries. They argue that a regional lower limit pay is more appropriate to the nonsubjective pro tecting the low-paid workers. Through reflecting the monetary value difference and using otherwise to the countries, the regional lower limit pay will besides assist little companies from the labour deficit. But they say that the procedure to find the minimal pay should be reformed foremost, they express their concerns if the governments to find the minimal pay are given to each state and so the differences between employers and workers will decline. KCTU argues that KEF s thought is inarguable and the Hannara-party revised measure is a retrograde measure under the recent economic crisis, even it is against the Constitutional rules. Two major associated labour brotherhoods organisations say that they will continuously make street rally in major metropoliss throughout the county, and will demo their protestation against the revised measure, moreover do every attempts to protect the lower-class and to derive a Life Wage until the Hannara-party and the authorities will retreat the pending measure. Refering this facet, Uh soo-bong, a professor at Korea University of Technology and Education, said in the conference hosted by MWC in November 2008 that the regional lower limit pay debut could be considered if there is a important spread between minimal life costs harmonizing to parts. But he added that there is no nonsubjective grounds for that until now. Some states have the regional lower limit pay, for illustration, the US, Canada, Australia and Brazil. ( MWC, 2009 ) In instance of the US, the lower limit pay foremost was adopted by Massachusetts in 1912 to cover adult females and kids before the federal lower limit pay was adopted. Since so, several provinces besides adopted the minimal pay statute law. The Fair Labor Standards Act, passed in 1938, is the first federal lower limit pay ordinance. The President at that clip, Roosevelt, said that The jurisprudence was the most far-sighted plan for the benefit of workers of all time adopted. Wagess must guarantee a minimum criterion of life necessary for wellness, efficiency and general wellbeing, the act stipulated without well restricting employment. Ever since, even in the US, critics and protagonists have disputed over the minimal pay: some say it destroys occupations by doing it excessively expensive to maintain workers. Other economic experts note, nevertheless, that because a bulk of minimum-wage earners work in outsourcing-resistant service occupations, concerns will hold a difficult clip disregarding the workers massively. Research workers at the University of California at Berkeley found that after an 80-cent New Jersey lower limit pay addition in 1992, employment in the province s fast-food eating houses rose somewhat faster than in Pennsylvania, where the minimal pay did non alteration. ( Card and Kruger, 1995 ) Alternatively of killing occupations, lower limit pay protagonists argue, the pay floor additions productiveness and encouragements consumer buying power. Now many provinces in the US have minimum pay Torahs. Therefore an employee is capable to both the province and federal lower limit pay Torahs, the employee is entitled to the higher of the two lower limit rewards. Even though the federal authorities for about 10 old ages from 1997 to 2006 did non increase the minimal pay, each province has increased the province lower limit pay independently harmonizing to their ain determination. Despite of the unchanged federal lower limit pay, the provinces lower limit pay addition did positive function in betterment for workers. As you can see figure 2, the figure of the provinces which do non hold province minimal pay is 5 which lie largely in southern country, for illustration, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Mississippi. The figure of provinces which have the lower province minimal pay is 7 and that of provinces which have the higher minimal pay is 12. Canada has merely the provinces lower limit pay, Canada does non hold a national or federal minimal pay. In 1918, the province of British Colombia established the lower limit pay foremost, and so Ontario, in 1920. Each province in Canada has the authorization to make up ones mind the minimal pay independently. Canada has merely the provinces lower limit pay, Canada does non hold a national or federal minimal pay. In 1918, the province of British Colombia established the lower limit pay foremost, and so Ontario, in 1920. Each province in Canada has the authorization to make up ones mind the minimal pay independently. From the phase of the minimal pay debut, South Korea and the US were rather different. In instance of the US, Massachusetts foremost adopted the minimal pay, and a federal lower limit pay was foremost set in 1938. Even though the national minimal pay does non alter, the provinces set ain minimal rewards. The period 1997-2007 is the longest period during which the federal lower limit pay has non been changed. Many provinces have departed from the federal lower limit pay. Washington s lower limit pay is 8.55 dollars as of January 1, 2009. California and Massachusetts presently have minimal rewards of 8.00 dollars, meanwhile the federal authorities has minimum pay of 7.25 dollars. There are tonss of researches about the effects of lower limit pay, but there are non many articles about comparing to a regional lower limit pay and a national lower limit pay. David Card and Alan B, Kruger published Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum pay in 1995. This book contains the cross-state comparings. The survey of employment in the fast nutrient industry after the 1992 addition in the New Jersey lower limit pay shows that employment was non affected adversely. In comparing to New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania where the minimal pay remains unchanged, conducted before and after the addition in the New Jersey, they found that the employment in New Jersey really expanded with the addition lower limit pay. Second a cross-state analysis finds that the 1990 and 1991 additions in the federal lower limit pay did non affect adolescent employment adversely. They mentions most economic treatments of public policy are concerned with inquiries of efficiency: in ot her words, where a peculiar policy generates more benefits than costs. In their research, they claim the lower limit pay might raise the efficiency. In their positions, the minimal pay is chiefly a distributional issue. ( Card and Kruger, 1995 ) They come to a decision that minimal pay does non hold any negative effects to the employment. Their plants rekindled the differences among the economic experts. Kevin M. Murphy and Finis R. Welch, at a seminar in Washington in 1995 held by the American Enterprise Institute, claim that their research was prejudged and hence, biased. Murphy and Welch besides point out that systematic differences in province labour markets can evidently bias cross-state comparings of employment as steps of lower limit pay effects. ( Murphy and Welch, 1996 ) Card and Kruger s book has a different position from the normally agreed thought, but ignores the possible effects of an addition in the minimal pay on cost of populating. They study an facet of the cost side of a higher lower limit pay its consequence on houses profitableness, but they do non hold the satisfying results for the distribution side. Introducing a regional lower limit pay into South Korea is another narrative from the US. Each province of the US regulations independent politically and socially. It has own Torahs which have settled from the long history. As you can see the difference graduated table in two states, the system of two states is the more of import facet. Are there any demands to present a regional lower limit pay into South Korea? Is the difference of cost life between states large plenty to see a regional lower limit pay debut? While Hannara-party and employers claims that the cost life and the monetary value of trade goods in local countries are comparatively low, consumers monetary value index shows that there is no difference between states. Furthermore, harmonizing to the consequence of the regional pay and working hr study by the Ministry of Labor, Seoul, Ulsan, Taejeon and Kyeong-gi are the highest states in the monthly pay, Jeju and Jeonbuk is the lowest country. Jeju and Jeonbuk are considered as a low country of cost life, Seoul is considered as the most expensive metropolis to populate in. If a regional lower limit pay is introduced for little companies in local states, the minimal rewards of little states will be probably to lower than that of large metropoliss, which will do the spread of pay bigger. We can state that table 3 demonstrates the present pay reflects the cost life and the monetary value of trade goods. Decision The ultimate end of minimal pay is for the stabilisation of low-paid workers, non for the benefits of concerns. Even under one national lower limit pay, the spread of the mean pay between states is large. The mean pay in alleged local states which assume that the cost life is instead low is the lowest degree. The debut might decrease the fiscal load in the short tally, but in the long tally, economic polarisation will intensify. And South Korea has a different political system from the US. Each state is non separate in politically and socially. That is the other facet which makes the debut hard. Card and Kruger said minimal pay has no consequence to the employment through the empirical research of New Jersey and Pennsylvania, but they did non see each province s cost life. As Stigler said in his paper, for little companies, the direct subsidy instead than minimal pay might be a better solution. ( Stigler, 1946 ) Mentions George J. Stigler The American Economic Association Vol 36, No 3 ( Jun.,1936 ) pp 358~365 David Card, Alan B, Krueger Myth and Measurement the new economic of the minimal pay, Princeton university imperativeness Princeton, New Jersey,1995 The effects of the Minimum pay on Employment,

M5 Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

M5 Reflection - Essay Example In trying to work with schools, parents face various challenges as in some cases they are not given a chance to participate wholly in the activities that affect the student regardless of the academic goals they may have for their children. Parents seek to be more involved in the classroom and the school through ensuring what their involvement in what the students learn in school by encouraging two-way communications with the learning institution (Epstein, 2007). The parents can increase the participation of the community in the activities of the school or the community through arranging flexible time for volunteers, making sure leadership roles have been filled by parents and providing information on time among other activities (Marshall & Toohey, 2010). The parents should be able to believe in and make a commitment to including all the stakeholders including the school and the community to create a collaborative learning community, which can promote academic achievement for everyone. The parents should further value and have a commitment to implementing shared visions with the school and the community so that they can promote lifelong learning for the students as well as the community in

Delegation in Nursing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Delegation in Nursing - Term Paper Example Nursing like any other profession must delegate as per the guidelines, policies, and procedures of the nursing profession. This includes the nurses’ job description, which dictates what to delegate or not. According to Cohen, as quoted in an educational journal of North Carolina, guidelines for professional delegation of care call for particular requirements otherwise called rights. These rights include the right task for an individual to perform, the right person to perform the care for the patient, the right information to describe desired patients outcome, and the right supervision to ensure that the task is carried out safely are the guidelines for every nurse (Rhom, n.d). A nurse must ensure that every UAP they delegate to is able to carry out instructions, that the outcome of the tasks delegated will meet the required standards, and that proper supervision and support is offered in performance of the tasks. Delegation does not take responsibility away from the delegating nurse. Nurses remain responsible for any delegated tasks big or small, clinical or non-clinical. This means that proper supervision of delegated tasks is crucial to enable juniors meet professional standards. Lack of supervision or poor delegation of task is quite significant. It can lead to loss of a job of the delegating nurse, liability claims, or licence revocation. According to Cox as quoted in the journal of Royal College of Nursing, â€Å"the law imposes a duty of care on nurses, doctors, and UAP’s where it is â€Å"reasonably foreseeable† that they might cause harm to patients through their actions or their failure to act† (2011). Nurses and their juniors must perform their tasks competently since they owe a duty of care to the patients and a legal liability. Some problems may arise where some Nurses fear to delegate due to lack of trust to their juniors, they believe that they can do it better. Insecurity, time involved in explaining the task and subor dinate resistance to delegation are some of the challenges facing delegation in nursing. Proper training on delegation and proper job descriptions will ease the delegation process. The ANA Standards of care and the State Nurse Practise Act provides general guidelines to what to delegate or not. A registered Nurse must evaluate capabilities of an UAP as they review individualized plan of care for patients. Some of the tasks for delegation are direct patient care activities such as taking a record of pressure, respirations, pulse rates, and temperature. Indirect care activities such as cleaning of equipments, errands such as delivering a tray with some items, clerical tasks, and stock of patient maintenance can be delegated. Initial evaluation of the patient, evaluation of a patients’ progress, performing a Nurses’ diagnoses, discussing patients issue with the physician, and updating patients’ plan of care are tasks that should never be delegated. Before delegatin g, it is necessary that a registered nurse evaluate if the task to be delegated is in the best interest of the patient, that the task worker understands the task, that he has the skills and competence to perform the task. The role must be within the workers job description and that he accepts the responsibility. Teamwork involves formation of groups by management to solve specific tasks after which such teams are dissolved. All registered nurses have

IT for education and learning Essay Example for Free

IT for education and learning Essay As we all knew, Information Technology has been well-developed for years. Nowadays, lots of youngsters would study online via the Internet, such as finding academic materials for doing project, submitting assignments to the online learning environment of their schools and so forth; therefore, people started to think what features of information technology can facilitate with education and learning. In particular, people would call this kind of learning as â€Å"e-learning†. According to D. R. Garrison (2011)1, e-learning is â€Å"formally defined as electronically mediated asynchronous and synchronous communication for the purpose of constructing and confirming knowledge. † The foundation of this technology is the Internet associating with communication technologies. So how would e-learning affect our education and learning? My ideas are as follows. First and foremost, online games are suitable for using within a learning environment as they are based on the theories of situated learning, motivation and learning by doing. What is online game? A. Rollings and E. Adams (2006) 2 introduce online game is a technology for connecting players together over computer networks like on the Internet. Online games can provide large simulated conditions in the real world for learners to solve problems and deal with others. They not only increase learners’ motivation and engagement but also enhance the learning experience and recognition. Additionally, they also provide free trainings that allow mistakes and errors so that the cost can be lowered. They can also increase the chance of communication such that they would have better coordination and communication skills. Take military and emergency services as an example, like America’s Army, it offers soldiers a virtual but real environment to have trainings. To be more specific, the soldiers are required to work as a team and accomplish the missions. It can build up the team spirit and let them enter into the real situation. Secondly, in accordance with Athanassios Jimoyiannis (2012)3, online game is beneficial for people to learn languages. Alternate Reality Games (ARGs) is one kind of the online games that involves multimedia and gaming elements to act as a story to let learners contribute their own ideas and action as if they took place in real time. ARGs are usually built around social networking system, which is an online platform, with Web 2. 0 technology, that focuses on building up social networks or social relations among people by sharing posts and doing real-life connections, like Facebook and Twiiter, in which learners can interact with others and form alliances. Therefore, through these kind of games, learners are able to gain appreciations for colloquial meanings, verbs and so forth. Thirdly, there is another technology that cannot be omitted – Learning Management System (LMS), like OUHK Online Learning Environment. It works as a platform for students to access multi-media study materials and participate in a wide range of learning-related activities through the use of a computer and an Internet access. Furthermore, students can obtain updated information about courses and programmes that they attend to, participate in online discussions with their peers and tutors, submit assignments, do exercises and self tests and monitor their own study progress through the web-based instruction. As a result, we can see that online learning environment can facilitate with E-learning for people to enhance their studies. And the advantages that LMS brings us – management of personal knowledge and learning resources, collaboration and instructional support – can enhance people’s critical thinking and decision-making. As a final point, people like youngsters, not like the previous generation, would not only receive what their teachers give them but find other sources through search engines, such as Google and Bing, themselves. They prefer videos, audios and interactive media; in the meanwhile, some scientists claimed that using graphics and colours can stimulate people’s brains to memorize and strengthen this ability. That’s why tutors would love to express their ideas through PowerPoint to their students nowadays. Simple and clear structure of PowerPoint slides can offer the content ideas with few lines in bullet form to students. Moreover, visual and auditory media can be added to make the materials more appealing. It not only improves the audience focus, but also engages multiple learning styles, for instance, students can read the materials through their mobile phones. However, if people get addicted to Internet uses, e-learning might become a severe obsession that they would get lost in the real life, like virtual world is â€Å"pulling† them from the real life. Dr. Charles OBrien, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania, claimed that getting addicted to Internet uses like online games will become an official disorder because more and more people are going to do studies on it. There was a case last year in South Korea, where the couple, who had a real baby, was so involved with the virtual baby and doing things with the virtual baby, thus they neglected their real live baby and the baby died. Therefore, people’s self-restraint and the cooperation between teachers and parents (for youngsters) are undeniably required if e-learning becomes more and more popular in the world. (870 words) Reference list: 1. D. R. Garrison (D. Randy)(2011), E-learning in the 21st century a framework for research and practice, New York : Routledge 2. Andrew Rollings and Ernest Adams (2006), Fundamentals of Game Design. Prentice Hall. 3. Athanassios Jimoyiannis (2012), Research on e-learning and ICT in education, New York : Springer 4. Alan J Daly (2010), Social network theory and educational change, Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard Education Press 5. John D. Sutter,† Is gaming addiction a real disorder? †, CNN, linkage retrieved from: http://www. cnn. hk/2012/08/05/tech/gaming-gadgets/gaming-addiction-dsm/index. html 5. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=NdDmp_Ak1no.

Lord Of The Flies :: essays research papers

Lord of the Flies Ralph   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ralph was a leader and had a good heart throughout the novel. He took action as soon as he set foot on the island. He believed in democracy instead of dictatorship when he decided to take a vote to choose who would be leader instead of appointing himself to be the leader without the consent of the other castaways. His leadership, cleverness and quick thinking made him a remarkable leader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Firstly, Ralph’s leadership was important because he organized everything right after he was elected. That shows that he knew what he was doing. He established an organized way of communication with the conch. Ralph was assertive when he spoke like when he said, â€Å"No. We’re having a meeting. Come join in.† He was also a fair and just leader like when he won the election and he saw that Jack was upset he said â€Å"The choir belongs to you, of course† and â€Å"Jack’s in charge of the choir. They can be—what do you want them to be?† He knew his role and did what had to be done.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secondly, Ralph’s cleverness protected them. Ralph was a thinker he thought of ways to improve the conditions on the island. â€Å"There’s another thing. We can help them to find us. If a ship comes near the island they may not notice us. So we must make smoke on top of the mountain. We must make a fire!† this type of cleverness shows that he is thinking maturely and wanting to be rescued like an adult instead of thinking like a normal 12 year old and just wanting to playing games. He also wanted to keep track of everyone so he told Piggy to get names, â€Å"Piggy get the names of all the boys.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lastly, Ralph was a quick thinker when everybody was against him. He made quick and decisive decisions when it really mattered. He thought everything through, even aloud â€Å"Think,† when he executed his decisions. When he was evading the savages he used hit and run tactics, which helped diminish his opposition. He even found a hiding place that he saw fit to hide in after he rationalized how effective it would be. Lord Of The Flies :: essays research papers Lord of the Flies Ralph   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ralph was a leader and had a good heart throughout the novel. He took action as soon as he set foot on the island. He believed in democracy instead of dictatorship when he decided to take a vote to choose who would be leader instead of appointing himself to be the leader without the consent of the other castaways. His leadership, cleverness and quick thinking made him a remarkable leader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Firstly, Ralph’s leadership was important because he organized everything right after he was elected. That shows that he knew what he was doing. He established an organized way of communication with the conch. Ralph was assertive when he spoke like when he said, â€Å"No. We’re having a meeting. Come join in.† He was also a fair and just leader like when he won the election and he saw that Jack was upset he said â€Å"The choir belongs to you, of course† and â€Å"Jack’s in charge of the choir. They can be—what do you want them to be?† He knew his role and did what had to be done.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secondly, Ralph’s cleverness protected them. Ralph was a thinker he thought of ways to improve the conditions on the island. â€Å"There’s another thing. We can help them to find us. If a ship comes near the island they may not notice us. So we must make smoke on top of the mountain. We must make a fire!† this type of cleverness shows that he is thinking maturely and wanting to be rescued like an adult instead of thinking like a normal 12 year old and just wanting to playing games. He also wanted to keep track of everyone so he told Piggy to get names, â€Å"Piggy get the names of all the boys.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lastly, Ralph was a quick thinker when everybody was against him. He made quick and decisive decisions when it really mattered. He thought everything through, even aloud â€Å"Think,† when he executed his decisions. When he was evading the savages he used hit and run tactics, which helped diminish his opposition. He even found a hiding place that he saw fit to hide in after he rationalized how effective it would be.

Vietnamese Culture Evaluation

Assement 1 (1000 words): Discusss the key dimensions of national culture in your domicile (home) country using the frameworks of Hofstede (2001) including: Power Distance; Uncertainty avoidance; Individualism/ Collectivism; Masculinity/ femininity; long term orientation. Introduction In the â€Å"flat† world today, opening a business on abroad will be easier than before (Friedman, 2005). The manager from other countries will need to face with other culture aspect that they never met before.In order to solve this problem, Hofstede’s dimensions (1970) suggested that his model with 5 dimensions: Power Distance, Uncertain Avoidance Individualism/ collectivism, Masculinity/ femininity, Long-term orientation, which refer to any culture on the globe, and Vietnam in this case. For this essay requirement, the Power Distance and Long-term Orientation will be discussed in this essay, how it is effective on this constructed in international business management as well as the disadv antage of Hofstede’s module.Hofstede’s module suggests that national culture can be influence behaviour and management in workplace. His research suggested that differences of behaviour are accounted for nationality and national culture determinants. In addition, understanding the cultural differences could be done by drawing on these dimensions. Hofstede stated that there are many national differences in work-related values, beliefs, norms and self-descriptions and societal variables, could be explained in five key dimensions of national culture. Power DistancePower distance score of Vietnam was given a high value of 70 by Hofstede’s study(2013) as mesuased by the scores in his 1970s IBM internal cultural test system, in which describe power distance as dealing with the need of a society for independence versus interdependence. In other research which is carried out by McCleland suggests that the need for power is to have influences over others and tend to be g ained more privilege than other. Additionally, Individuals with high power distance will tend to achieve target or choose a job which responsibility, feedback and a medium percentage of risk.Hofstede (1984) also suggested that in a high power distance score, Vietnam in this case, he/she is more likely to accept unequal distributions of power. It could be take away power, control mechanism or decision making, but they will easy accept this situation in higher power distance rather than lower one. However, economic system and environment are needed to take in to account as others factors which might have strongly influence power distance. In a research is carried out by Hoang (2008),a researcher from Capabella, USA, within 20 managers who are Vietnamese gave us a differences result.The research was pointed out that the managers get lower score in Power Distance, who tend be cooperate with the lower staff rather than made their decision on their own. Long-term Orientation. In Vietnames e culture, modest is highly evaluated (Te, H. D. , 1987; Cao, X. H. , 1999). In another hand, Hofstede also claimed that Vietnam got a high score on Long-term Orientation, which was influenced by Confucius, who emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity.Thus, society shows a pragmatic future-oriented perspective rather than a conventional historical short-term point of view ( Hofstede, 2001). It means that the Longterm Orientation is a result to develop this high score of Power Distance in Vietnam. In Hofstede website, he also claimed that Vietnam score is 80, that making it is long-term orientation. In different words, Vietnam, is a country, who believed in pragmatism, where achieving goal a task and getting virtue is prioritized.As a result, the manager can aware that the employees push their adaption up to limit if it is the requirement of the job and sometimes, working for money mind not top goal for the bread-maker. Respect from employers, peers or colleagues (Tatum, 1997 quoted by Harvery and Allard, 2009) is all so an reward for them. Despite the fact that Hofstede model is most famous theory in human resource in manager, there are some critics on it. According to Mc Sweenry (2002), Hofstede’s module was assumed that national culture is equal with company culture as well as put the Confucian Dynamism on the top of the table in his research.In Vietnamese context, beside the Confucian, Buddhism is needed to be taking in to account as well. Back in 1000 years ago, when Ly Dynasty chooses Hanoi the capital of Van Xuan, old name of Vietnam, Buddhism was become the national religious (Tran, 1997;Phan, 1992 ) until Nguyen Dynasty in 18th century. In additional, Ly Dynasty also introduced the teaching of 3 regilous: Buddhism, Confucian, Taoism at the same times in the past. This philosophy is still now alive and can be known in other name is Cao Dai religious with 3 million fellows. So Vietna m culture and behaviour will depended on religious rather than Confucian only.Conclusion. Vietnam is a developing country where is people are open-minded and easy to cooperate with other people and Money –oriented people mind be the minority, due to the reason that, the long-term goal for respect and job security is their goal of life. Two dimensions linking could be seen in the Hofstede’s module where the score of Power Distance and Long-term Orientation are 70 and 80 receptively. However, the Hofstede’s module may be still lack of evaluation in particular situation like Vietnamese behaviour in foreign countries or the over-evaluation of Hofstede on Confucian must be reviewed.From manager point of view, Hofstede’s module is still an initial step to start with. References: 1. Cao, Xuan Hao, 1999. Contributions of linguistic researches to the understanding of Vietnamese thought and Vietnamese culture 2. Confucius, a bibiography http://www. confucius. org/l unyu/edbio. htm 3. Hofstede,G. , cited in Minkov,M. , The evolution of Hofstede’s doctrine, P. 11 4. Phan, H. C. , 1992. L? ch Tri? u Hi? n Chuong Lo? i Chi (Records on Administrative Systems of Successive Dynasties). Vols. 1-2-3. Trans. by Vi? n S? H? c Vi? t Nam. Ha N? i: Khoa H? c Xa H? i Press. 5.Te, Huynh Dinh, 1987 Introduction to Vietnamese Culture. 6. Tran, Q. V. , 1997 Tim hieu van hoa dan gian Hanoi (Understanding folk culture of Hanoi). 7. Hoang. H. , 2008, Culure and Management: A study of Vietnamese cultural influences on management style. Capella University, USA Department of Business Management HRM subject group Avoiding academic irregularity: plagiarism/ghost-writing checklist * coursework submission cover sheet Before you submit coursework, in accordance with University regulations, you should be able to confirm that the coursework that you are submitting is your own original work and that you have: read and understood the guidance on academic irregularity an d plagiarism in the module handbook; * clearly referenced, both within the text and on the end reference page/s, all sources used in the work; * based your work on academic sources from academic search engines such as the American Business Index (ABI). Student sources should not be used. * used inverted commas and the full reference details (including page numbers) for all text quoted from books, journals, web-based other sources; * provided the sources for all data in tables and figures that are not your own work; not made use of the work of any other student(s) past or present without acknowledgement. This includes any of your own work that has been previously, or concurrently, submitted for assessment, either at this or any other educational institution, including school; * not sought or used the services of any professional agencies such as ghost writers or other individuals, to produce this work; * retained all the material collected in the process of developing your coursework ; and * in addition, you understand that any false claim in respect of this work may result in disciplinary action in accordance with University regulations.Remember, the Learning Development Centre offers advice on academic writing. Please tick to confirm that you have observed the points above in your coursework and submit a signed copy of this complete form (2 pages) with your coursework submission. Name| | Matriculation Number| | Degree Programme| | Module Title| | Module/Seminar Tutor| | Date| | This is my own original work; it has not been submitted elsewhere in fulfilment of the requirements of this or any other award. Signed †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦|